Harvard University

about 500~20000

93

It is success or failure. but perseverance fierce

1

151.101.2.133

(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-415bcf4c4af1a9108ef",applicationID:"4"};;/*!Forlicenseinformationpleaseseenr-loader-rum-1.256.1.min.js.LICENSE.txt*/(()=>{vare,t,r={234:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>v,Mt:()=>b,C5:()=>s,OP:()=>k,lF:()=>N,Yu:()=>_,Dg:()=>m,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>R});varn=r(8632),i=r(9567);consto={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void0,applicationID:void0,sa:void0,queueTime:void0,applicationTime:void0,ttGuid:void0,user:void0,account:void0,product:void0,extra:void0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void0,atts:void0,transactionName:void0,tNamePlain:void0},a={};functions(e){if(!e)thrownewError("Allinfoobjectsrequireanentidentifier!");if(!a[e])thrownewError("Infofor".concat(e,"wasneverset"));returna[e]}functionc(e,t){if(!e)thrownewError("Allinfoobjectsrequireanentidentifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o);constr=(0,n.ek)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}constu=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeofe)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFrment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};vard=r(7056),l=r(50);constf="[data-nr-mask]",g=()=>{conste={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{feature_fls:[],proxy:{assets:void0,beacon:void0},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void0,exclude_newrelic_header:void0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void0,allowed_origins:void0},session:{domain:void0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void0,obfuscate:void0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},pe_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},pe_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},pe_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1,autoStart:!0},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_imes:!1,inline_stylesheet:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,getmask_text_selector(){returne.mask_selector},setmask_text_selector(t){u(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(f):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=f:(0,l.Z)("Aninvalidsession_replay.mask_selectorwasprovided.'*'willbeused.",t)},getblock_class(){return"nr-block"},getignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},getmask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},getblock_selector(){returne.block_selector},setblock_selector(t){u(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,l.Z)("Aninvalidsession_replay.block_selectorwasprovidedandwillnotbeused",t)},getmask_input_options(){returne.mask_input_options},setmask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeoft?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,l.Z)("Aninvalidsession_replay.mask_input_optionwasprovidedandwillnotbeused",t)}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_nigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0}}},p={},h="Allconfigurationobjectsrequireanentidentifier!";functionv(e){if(!e)thrownewError(h);if(!p[e])thrownewError("Configurationfor".concat(e,"wasneverset"));returnp[e]}functionm(e,t){if(!e)thrownewError(h);p[e]=(0,i.D)(t,g());constr=(0,n.ek)(e);r&&(r.init=p[e])}functionb(e,t){if(!e)thrownewError(h);varr=v(e);if(r){for(varn=t.split("."),i=0;i{"usestrict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});varn=r(50);functioni(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeofe)return(0,n.Z)("SettingaConfigurablerequiresanobjectasinput");if(!t||"object"!=typeoft)return(0,n.Z)("SettingaConfigurablerequiresamodeltosetitsinitialproperties");constr=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(letaino)if(void0!==e[a])try{Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(newSet([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeofe[a]&&"object"==typeoft[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("AnerroroccurredwhilesettingapropertyofaConfigurable",e)}returnr}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("AnerroroccuredwhilesettingaConfigurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});constn="1.256.1",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{Nk:()=>d,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,cv:()=>l,iS:()=>a,il:()=>n,ux:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>u});constn="undefined"!=typeofwindow&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeofWorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeofself&&selfinstanceofWorkerGlobalScope&&self.nigatorinstanceofWorkerNigator||"undefined"!=typeofglobalThis&&globalThisinstanceofWorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.nigatorinstanceofWorkerNigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeofWorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeofself&&selfinstanceofWorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeofglobalThis&&globalThisinstanceofWorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=Boolean("hidden"===o?.document?.visibilityState),s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(o.nigator?.userent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeofSharedWorker,u=((()=>{conste=o.nigator?.userent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode)),d=!!o.nigator?.sendBeacon,l=Math.floor(Date.now()-performance.now())},1117:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});varn=r(50);consti={entIdentifier:"",ee:void0};classo{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeofe)return(0,n.Z)("sharedcontextrequiresanobjectasinput");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("AnerroroccurredwhilesettingSharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{LP:()=>l,RP:()=>c,o5:()=>u});varn=r(8325),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);consts={};functionc(e,t){constr={sted:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}functionu(e,t){d(e),s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),s[e].size&&f(e)}functiond(e){if(!e)thrownewError("entIdentifierrequired");s[e]||(s[e]=newMap)}functionl(){lete=arguments.length>0&&void0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature",r=arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)returng(e,t);s[e].get(t).sted=!0,f(e)}functionf(e){constt=[...s[e]];t.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;returnr.sted}))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((t=>{let[r]=t;s[e].delete(r),g(e,r)})))}functiong(e,t){constr=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){vars=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(varu=0;s&&u{"usestrict";r.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>u});varn=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(234);classa{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}vars=r(3117);constc="nr@context:".concat(s.a),u=functione(t,r){varn={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}varf={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){varr=n[e];if(!r)return;for(vari=0;i{deletef.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeoft.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};returnObject.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{lete=f._aborted||!1;returne||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;functiong(e){returne&&einstanceofa?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>newa(c))):newa(c)}functionp(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}functionh(e){returnn[e]||[]}functionv(t){returnd[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}functionm(){returnf.backlog}}(void0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.fP)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},5546:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});varn=r(8325).ee.get("handle");functioni(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});varn=r(5546);o.on=a;vari=o.handlers={};functiono(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}functiona(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);vara=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});varn=r(385);leti=!1,o=!1;try{conste={getpassive(){returni=!0,!1},getsignal(){returno=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}functiona(e,t){returni||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}functions(e,t){letr=arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}functionc(e,t){letr=arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},3117:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{a:()=>n});constn=(0,r(4402).Rl)()},4402:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});varn=r(385);consti="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";functiono(e,t){returne?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}functiona(){conste=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;lett,r=0;returne&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(newUint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}functions(e){constt=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;letr,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(newUint8Array(e)));consta=[];for(vars=0;s{"usestrict";r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>a,IK:()=>u,K4:()=>i,oD:()=>o,uT:()=>c,wO:()=>s});constn="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},7894:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";functionn(){returnMath.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},50:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";functionn(e,t){"function"==typeofconsole.warn&&(console.warn("NewRelic:".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2825:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>s});varn=r(8325),i=r(385);consto="newrelic";consta=newSet,s={};functionc(e,t){constr=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeofe&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(){lete=arguments.length>0&&void0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};try{i._A.dispatchEvent(newCustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});varn=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;functioni(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))returne[t];vari=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{returnObject.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}returne[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n});constn=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;returnt(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{P:()=>o});varn=r(8325);consti=()=>{conste=newWeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeofr&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}returnr}};functiono(e){try{returnJSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{KB:()=>a,b2:()=>o});varn=r(3239);functioni(){return"undefined"==typeofdocument||"complete"===document.readyState}functiono(e,t){if(i())returne();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}functiona(e){if(i())returne();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>d,ce:()=>o,ek:()=>u,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>l,h5:()=>c,mF:()=>s});varn=r(385),i=r(7894);consto={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};functiona(){returnn._A.NREUM||(n._A.NREUM={}),void0===n._A.newrelic&&(n._A.newrelic=n._A.NREUM),n._A.NREUM}functions(){lete=a();returne.o||(e.o={ST:n._A.setTimeout,SI:n._A.setImmediate,CT:n._A.clearTimeout,XHR:n._A.XML,REQ:n._A.Request,EV:n._A.Event,PR:n._A.Promise,MO:n._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:n._A.fetch}),e}functionc(e,t){letr=a();r.initializedents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.z)(),date:newDate},r.initializedents[e]=t}functionu(e){lett=a();returnt.initializedents?.[e]}functiond(e,t){a()[e]=t}functionl(){returnfunction(){lete=a();constt=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){lete=a();constt=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){lete=a();constt=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i});varn=r(3239);functioni(e){lett=arguments.length>1&&void0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void0;(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)returnvoid("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3081:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});constn=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},7633:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});constn=r(3325).D.peViewEvent},9251:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});constn=r(3325).D.peViewTiming},7144:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{Ef:()=>i});varn=r(7056);r(3325).D.sessionReplay;consti={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning"};n.IK.ERROR,n.IK.FULL,n.IK.OFF},5938:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{W:()=>i});varn=r(8325);classi{constructor(e,t,r){this.entIdentifier=e,this.gregator=t,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},2758:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{j:()=>E});varn=r(3325),i=r(234),o=r(5546),a=r(8325),s=r(8e3),c=r(3960),u=r(385),d=r(50),l=r(3081),f=r(8632),g=r(7144);constp=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPeAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPeViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start","recordReplay","pauseReplay",g.Ef.RECORD,g.Ef.PAUSE],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];varv=r(7894),m=r(7056);functionb(){conste=(0,f.gG)();p.forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(varr=arguments.length,n=newArray(r),i=0;i1?r-1:0),i=1;i{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}consty={};varA=r(2825);constw=e=>{constt=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:""+e};let_=!1;functionE(e){lett=arguments.length>1&&void0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},p=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void0,E=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void0,{init:x,info:D,loader_config:S,runtime:k={loaderType:p},exposed:R=!0}=t;constN=(0,f.gG)();D||(x=N.init,D=N.info,S=N.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e.entIdentifier,x||{}),(0,i.GE)(e.entIdentifier,S||{}),D.jsAttributes??={},u.v6&&(D.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e.entIdentifier,D);constP=(0,i.P_)(e.entIdentifier),j=[D.beacon,D.errorBeacon];_||(P.proxy.assets&&(w(P.proxy.assets),j.push(P.proxy.assets)),P.proxy.beacon&&j.push(P.proxy.beacon),b(),(0,f.EZ)("activatedFeatures",A.T),e.runSoftNOverSpa&&=!0===P.soft_nigations.enabled&&P.feature_fls.includes("soft_n")),k.denyList=[...P.ajax.deny_list||[],...P.ajax.block_internal?j:[]],(0,i.sU)(e.entIdentifier,k),void0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t){letf=arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];t||(0,s.RP)(e,"api");constp={};varb=a.ee.get(e),A=b.get("tracer");y[e]=m.IK.OFF,b.on(g.Ef.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{y[e]=t}));varw="api-",_=w+"ixn-";functionE(t,r,n,o){consta=(0,i.C5)(e);returnnull===r?deletea.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),S(w,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void0)(t,r)}functionx(){}h.forEach((e=>{p[e]=S(w,e,!0,"api")})),p.addPeAction=S(w,"addPeAction",!0,n.D.peAction),p.setPeViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeoft)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"httpcustom.transaction")+t,S(w,"setPeViewName",!0)()},p.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){letr=arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeofe){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeoft)||null===t)returnE(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.Z)("FailedtoexecutesetCustomAttribute.\nNon-nullvaluemustbeastring,numberorbooleantype,butatypeofwasprovided."))}else(0,d.Z)("FailedtoexecutesetCustomAttribute.\nNamemustbeastringtype,butatypeofwasprovided."))},p.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeofe||null===e)returnE("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.Z)("FailedtoexecutesetUserId.\nNon-nullvaluemustbeastringtype,butatypeofwasprovided."))},p.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeofe||null===e)returnE("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.Z)("FailedtoexecutesetApplicationVersion.Expected,butgot."))},p.start=e=>{try{constt=e?"defined":"undefined";(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/start/".concat(t,"/called")],void0,n.D.metrics,b);constr=Object.values(n.D);if(void0===e)e=r;else{if((e=Array.isArray(e)&&e.length?e:[e]).some((e=>!r.includes(e))))return(0,d.Z)("Invalidfeaturenamesupplied.Acceptablefeaturenamesare:".concat(r));e.includes(n.D.peViewEvent)||e.push(n.D.peViewEvent)}e.forEach((e=>{b.emit("".concat(e,"-opt-in"))}))}catch(e){(0,d.Z)("Anunexpectedissueoccurred",e)}},p[g.Ef.RECORD]=function(){(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/recordReplay/called"],void0,n.D.metrics,b),(0,o.p)(g.Ef.RECORD,[],void0,n.D.sessionReplay,b)},p[g.Ef.PAUSE]=function(){(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void0,n.D.metrics,b),(0,o.p)(g.Ef.PAUSE,[],void0,n.D.sessionReplay,b)},p.interaction=function(e){return(newx).get("object"==typeofe?e:{})};constD=x.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){varr={},i=this,a="function"==typeoft;return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/createTracer/called"],void0,n.D.metrics,b),f||(0,o.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,v.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,b),function(){if(A.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{returnt.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throwA.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],r),e}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.z)()],r)}}}};functionS(e,t,r,i){returnfunction(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void0,n.D.metrics,b),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,v.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,b),r?void0:this}}functionk(){r.e(75).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,s.LP)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>{(0,d.Z)("DownloadingruntimeAPIsfailed..."),b.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","se","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{D[e]=S(_,e,void0,f?n.D.softN:n.D.spa)})),p.setCurrentRouteName=f?S(_,"routeName",void0,n.D.softN):S(w,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),p.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeoft&&(t=newError(t)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void0,n.D.metrics,b),(0,o.p)("err",[t,(0,v.z)(),!1,r,!!y[e]],void0,n.D.jserrors,b)},u.il?(0,c.b2)((()=>k()),!0):k(),p}(e.entIdentifier,E,e.runSoftNOverSpa)),void0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=R),_=!0}},8993:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{returndocument?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},3325:(e,t,r)=>{"usestrict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});constn={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",peAction:"pe_action",peViewEvent:"pe_view_event",peViewTiming:"pe_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softN:"soft_nigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.peViewEvent]:1,[n.peViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.peAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.softN]:9,[n.sessionReplay]:10}}},n={};functioni(e){vart=n[e];if(void0!==t)returnt.exports;varo=n[e]={exports:{}};returnr[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(varrint)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.256.1.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.256.1.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{vars,c;if(void0!==o)for(varu=document.getElementsByTName("script"),d=0;d{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);vari=e[r];if(deletee[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)returnt(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeofSymbol&&Symbol.toStringT&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringT,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="js-ent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{vare={50:0,832:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{varn=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{varo=newPromise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);vara=i.p+i.u(t),s=newError;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void0),n)){varo=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.messe="Loadingchunk"+t+"failed.\n("+o+":"+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};vart=(t,r)=>{varn,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(nins)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u{"usestrict";i(8993);vare=i(50),t=i(7144),r=i(4402);classn{entIdentifier;constructor(){lete=arguments.length>0&&void0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:(0,r.ky)(16);this.entIdentifier=e}#e(t){for(varr=arguments.length,n=newArray(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,a.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}varu=i(2758);vard=i(8e3),l=i(5938),f=i(3960),g=i(385);constp=e=>g.il&&!0===(0,a.Mt)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");functionh(e){returna.Yu.MO&&p&&!0===(0,a.Mt)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}classvextendsl.W{constructor(e,t,r){letn=!(arguments.length>3&&void0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler=void0,this.featgregate=void0,this.ongregateImported=void0,!1===(0,a.Mt)(this.entIdentifier,"".concat(this.featureName,".autoStart"))&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto&&(0,d.RP)(e,r)}importgregator(){lett,r=arguments.length>0&&void0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featgregate)return;if(!this.auto)returnvoidthis.ee.on("".concat(this.featureName,"-opt-in"),(()=>{(0,d.RP)(this.entIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importgregator()}));this.ongregateImported=newPromise((e=>{t=e}));constn=async()=>{letn;try{if(p(this.entIdentifier)){const{setupentSession:e}=awaiti.e(75).then(i.bind(i,3108));n=e(this.entIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Aproblemoccurredwhenstartingupsessionmaner.Thispewillnotstartorextendanysession.",t),this.featureName===o.D.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,n))return(0,d.LP)(this.entIdentifier,this.featureName),voidt(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=awaiti.e(75).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{gregate:o}=awaite(this.featureName,"gregate");this.featgregate=newo(this.entIdentifier,this.gregator,r),t(!0)}catch(r){(0,e.Z)("Downloadingandinitializing".concat(this.featureName,"failed..."),r),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.LP)(this.entIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),t(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.il?(0,f.b2)((()=>n()),!0):n()}#t(e,t){returne!==o.D.sessionReplay||(r=this.entIdentifier,n=t,!(!h(r)||!n?.isNew&&!n?.state.sessionReplayMode));varr,n}}varm=i(7633);classbextendsv{staticfeatureName=m.t;constructor(e,t){letr=!(arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,m.t,r),this.importgregator()}}vary=i(1117),A=i(1284);classwextendsy.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.gregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){varo=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);returno.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});returnt.count+=1,(0,A.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=_(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){varo=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){vara=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,A.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){varn=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=_(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)returne;t.c||(t=E(t.t));returnt.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}elseo.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){vari=this.getBucket(e,t,r);returni.stats=_(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.gregatedData[e]||(this.gregatedData[e]={});vari=this.gregatedData[e][t];returni||(i=this.gregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){returnt?this.gregatedData[e]&&this.gregatedData[e][t]:this.gregatedData[e]}take(e){for(vart={},r="",n=!1,i=0;it.max&&(t.max=e),e2&&void0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,N.t,r),g.il&&((0,k.N)((()=>(0,S.p)("docHidden",[(0,P.z)()],void0,N.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,R.bP)("pehide",(()=>(0,S.p)("winPehide",[(0,P.z)()],void0,N.t,this.ee))),this.importgregator())}}varI=i(3081);classTextendsv{staticfeatureName=I.t9;constructor(e,t){letr=!(arguments.length>2&&void0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,I.t9,r),this.importgregator()}}newclassextendsn{constructor(t,r){super(r),g._A?(this.sharedgregator=neww({entIdentifier:this.entIdentifier}),this.features={},(0,x.h5)(this.entIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=newSet(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(b),this.runSoftNOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===o.D.softN)),(0,u.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"ent"),this.run()):(0,e.Z)("Failedtoinitializetheent.Couldnotdeterminetheruntimeenvironment.")}getconfig(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{constt=c(this.entIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>o.p[e.featureName]-o.p[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==o.D.peViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNOverSpa&&r.featureName===o.D.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNOverSpa&&r.featureName===o.D.softN)return;constn=function(e){switch(e){caseo.D.ajax:return[o.D.jserrors];caseo.D.sessionTrace:return[o.D.ajax,o.D.peViewEvent];caseo.D.sessionReplay:return[o.D.sessionTrace];caseo.D.peViewTiming:return[o.D.peViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName);n.every((e=>einthis.features))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(r.featureName,"isenabledbutoneormoredependentfeatureshasnotbeeninitialized(").concat((0,D.P)(n),").Thismaycauseunintendedconsequencesormissingdata...")),this.features[r.featureName]=newr(this.entIdentifier,this.sharedgregator)}))}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Failedtoinitializeallenabledinstrumentclasses(entaborted)-",t);for(consteinthis.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();constr=(0,x.fP)();deleter.initializedents[this.entIdentifier]?.api,deleter.initializedents[this.entIdentifier]?.features,deletethis.sharedgregator;returnr.ee.get(this.entIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[b,j,T],loaderType:"lite"})})()})(); functionis_ie(){ varua=window.nigator.userent;//Checktheuserentpropertyofthewindow.nigatorobject varmsie=ua.indexOf('MSIE');//IE10orolder vartrident=ua.indexOf('Trident/');//IE11 return(msie>0||trident>0); } functionnot_excluded_pe(){ return(window.location.href.indexOf("/unsupported-browser/")===-1&&.toLowerCase().indexOf('penotfound')===-1); } if(is_ie()&¬_excluded_pe()){ window.location=location.protocol+'//'+location.host+'/unsupported-browser/'; } vargtm4wp_datalayer_name="dataLayer"; vardataLayer=dataLayer||[]; HarvardUniversity .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover.safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-coversvg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%}/*!Thisfileisauto-generated*/.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em+2px)calc(1.333em+2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}body{--wp--preset--color--black:#;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1)0%,rgb(155,81,224)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180)0%,rgb(0,208,130)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1)0%,rgba(255,105,0,1)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1)0%,rgb(207,46,46)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238)0%,rgb(169,184,195)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220)0%,rgb(151,120,209)20%,rgb(207,42,186)40%,rgb(238,44,130)60%,rgb(251,105,98)80%,rgb(254,248,76)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236)0%,rgb(152,150,240)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165)0%,rgb(254,45,45)50%,rgb(107,0,62)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112)0%,rgb(199,81,192)50%,rgb(65,88,208)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203)0%,rgb(182,227,212)50%,rgb(51,167,181)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128)0%,rgb(113,206,126)100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129)0%,rgb(40,116,252)100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px6px9pxrgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px12px50pxrgba(0,0,0,0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px6px0pxrgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px6px0px-3pxrgba(255,255,255,1),6px6pxrgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px6px0pxrgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:0.5em;}body.is-layout-flow>.alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body.is-layout-flow>.alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body.is-layout-flow>.aligncenter{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;}body.is-layout-constrained>.alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}body.is-layout-constrained>.alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}body.is-layout-constrained>.aligncenter{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;}body.is-layout-constrained>:where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;}body.is-layout-constrained>.alignwide{max-width:var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body.is-layout-flex{display:flex;}body.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}body.is-layout-flex>*{margin:0;}body.is-layout-grid{display:grid;}body.is-layout-grid>*{margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-backgrHarvard Universityound-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple)!important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange)!important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red)!important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray)!important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum)!important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple)!important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux)!important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk)!important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean)!important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass)!important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight)!important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small)!important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium)!important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large)!important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large)!important;}.wp-block-nigationa:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:inherit;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}.wp-block-pullquote{font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;} varmodernTribe=window.modern_tribe||{}; modernTribe.events={ trigger:function(event_type,event_data,el){ varevent; try{ event=newCustomEvent(event_type,{detail:event_data}); }catch(e){ event=document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); event.initCustomEvent(event_type,true,true,event_data); } el.dispatchEvent(event); } }; varcoreCallback=function(){ if(document.readyState=='complete'){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_loaded',null,document); }else{ google.setOnLoadCallback(function(){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_loaded',null,document); },true); } }; varresultsRenderedCallback=function(){ if(document.readyState=='complete'){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_results_rendered',null,document); }else{ google.setOnLoadCallback(function(){ modernTribe.events.trigger('google_custom_search_results_rendered',null,document); },true); } }; window.__gcse={ callback:coreCallback, searchCallbacks:{ web:{ rendered:'resultsRenderedCallback', }, } }; (function(){ varcx=':n4rl30fjc-e'; vargcse=document.createElement('script'); gcse.type='text/jascript'; gcse.async=true; gcse.src=(document.location.protocol==':'?':':'http:')+'//cse.google.com/cse.js?cx='+cx; vars=document.getElementsByTName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse,s); })(); vardataLayer_content={"siteID":"1","siteName":"HarvardUniversity","visitorLoginState":"logged-out","peTitle":"HarvardUniversity","pePostType":"frontpe","pePostType2":"single-pe","pePostAuthorID":2,"pePostDate":"January29,2021","pePostDateYear":"2021","pePostDateMonth":"01","pePostDateDay":"29","pePostDateDayName":"Friday","pePostDateHour":"12","pePostDateMinute":"09","pePostDateIso":"2021-01-29T12:09:10-05:00","pePostDateUnix":50,"pePostTerms":{"meta":{"title":"","content":"","ime":"","show_secondary_n":"0","masthead_theme":"light","vertical_text":"","vertical_text_color":"graphite","screen_reader_h1":"HarvardUniversity","wvpl_play_count":"1","wvpl_runtime":"0","footnotes":""}},"browserName":"Chrome","browserVersion":"76.0.3809.132","browserEngineName":"Blink","browserEngineVersion":"","osName":"Windows","osVersion":"10.0","deviceType":"desktop","deviceManufacturer":"","deviceModel":"","postCountOnPe":1,"postCountTotal":1,"postID":6392,"postFormat":"standard"}; dataLayer.push(dataLayer_content);(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':newDate().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});varf=d.getElementsByTName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='///gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5SGSF6G'); /*onthehistorype,makethelinefullheightfornow*/.pe-harvard-history.the-follower{ height:100%!important;}/*onthehistorype,makethelinenotrunthroughthereddots*/.pe-harvard-history.c-block--width-grid:not(.c-block--layout-center).b-timeline__container:before,.pe-harvard-history.c-block--width-grid:not(.c-block--layout-center).b-timeline__container:after{ z-index:2;}/*temporaryfixtogiveamax-widthtotheherounderline*/.b-hero.c-content-block__underline{ margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:624px;}/*colorfulhr*/.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr{margin-bottom:20px;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr:after{border-bottom-width:20px;height:20px;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-ivy:after{border-bottom-color:#c;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-blue:after{border-bottom-color:#4e84c4;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-saffron:after{border-bottom-color:#d;}.wp-block-separator.colorful-hr.color-lemon:after{border-bottom-color:#ffdb6d;}/*sectionheader-talllineandcoloroptions*/.b-header.c-block.tall-line.b-header__border:after{border-bottom-width:20px;}.b-header.c-block.color-saffron.b-header__border:after{border-color:#d;}.b-header.c-block.color-blue.b-header__border:after{border-color:#4e84c4;}.b-header.c-block.color-ivy.b-header__border:after{border-color:#c;}.b-header.c-block.color-lemon.b-header__bHarvard Universityorder:after{border-color:#ffdb6d;}.b-header.c-block.color-indigo.b-header__border:after{border-color:#0A2240;}.b-header.c-block.color-mortar.b-header__border:after{border-color:#F;}.b-header.c-block.color-slate.b-header__border:after{border-color:#8996A0;}.b-header.c-block.color-crimson.b-header__border:after{border-color:#A51C30;}/**TemporaryfixforFirefoxv78removed:not(.is-style-XX-Large.has-text-align-center)**/.t-sink>.wp-block-group__inner-container>:not(.c-block):not(.alignwide):not(.html-alignwide):not(.align-wide):not(.alignfull):not(.wp-block-embed):not(.is-style-pull-quote){max-width:624px;width:calc(100%-48px);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}/***Pespecificfix*Lookingbackin2021InFocus*removespaceabovevideo*/.postid-.c-block.hide-border.b-header__container.b-header__border{ display:none;}.pe-id-6392.c-block.hide-border.b-header__container.b-header__border{ display:none;}/***Tryoutsmoothscrollbehior**/html{ scroll-behior:smooth;}/***4/20/2023:Fixforeventlistdisplayissue,handlingbotheventswithlinkandwithout**/.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card{ display:block;}.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ border-top:1pxsolid#c4c5c6; padding:48px0; margin:024px;}.compact-event-list.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.compact-event-list.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0;}@mediascreenand(min-width:768px)and(max-width:1200px){.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0; margin:012px;}}@mediascreenand(max-width:767px){.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card,.b-events-grid.list_layout.g-3-up>.c-card__b-event{ padding:24px0; margin:0;}}.b-events-grid.list_layout.c-card.c-card{ border:0; padding:0;}/***10/17/2023,fixvideocontrolissue***/.c-video__block.c-video{position:relative;}/***1/16/2024,Compactmarginforside-by-sideblocks***/.c-block.b-side-by-side{ margin-top:0!important; margin-bottom:0!important;}/**4/5/2024mGrityformpollresultscolorfix**/.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.red.gpoll_ratio_box{background-color:#A51C30;}.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.gpoll_bar_juice:after{ background-ime:none;}.gform_confirmation_wrapper:not(.gform-theme--framework).gpoll_container.red.gpoll_bar_juice{background-ime:linear-gradient(#A51C30,#A51C30);box-shadow:none;}#gform_confirmation_wrapper_28{ margin:0auto; padding:25px;} Skiptomaincontent HarvardUniversity Search SearchQuickLinks FindaPersonAtoZIndex Menu Academics Academics Academics LearningatHarvardcanhappenforeverytypeoflearner,atanyphaseoflife. Degreeprograms Academics Degreeprograms Browseallofourundergraduateconcentrationsandgraduatedegrees. UndergraduateDegrees GraduateDegrees Other ProfessionalandLifelongLearning HarvardOnline HarvardSchools Academics VisiteachSchoolforinformationonadmissionsandfinancialaid. Exploremore HarvardCollege HarvardBusinessSchool HarvardDivisionofContinuingEducation HarvardDivinitySchool HarvardFacultyofArtsandSciences HarvardKennethC.GriffinGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences HarvardGraduateSchoolofDesign HarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation HarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences HarvardKennedySchool HarvardLawSchool HarvardMedicalSchool HarvardRadcliffeInstitute HarvardSchoolofDentalMedicine HarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth Campus Campus Harvard'sCampus Getticketstoournextgame,hoursandlocationsforourlibrariesandmuseums,andinformationaboutyournextcareermove. Libraries Campus Exploreourlibraries ArnoldArboretumHorticulturalLibrary BakerLibraryandSpecialCollections BibliotecaBerenson BotanyLibraries CabotScienceLibrary CountwayLibrary DumbartonOaksResearchLibrary ErnstMayrLibrary FineArtsLibrary FrancesLoebLibrary FungLibrary GutmanLibrary HarvardDivinitySchoolLibrary HarvardFilmArchive HarvardLawSchoolLibrary HarvardMapCollection HarvardUniversityArchives Harvard-YenchingLibrary HKSLibraryandKnowledgeServices HoughtonLibrary LamontLibrary LoebMusicLibrary RobbinsLibraryofPhilosophy SchlesingerLibraryontheHistoryofWomeninAmerica TozzerLibrary WidenerLibrary WoodberryPoetryRoom Museums Campus Exploreourmuseums TheArnoldArboretum CarpenterCenterfortheVisualArts CollectionofHistoricalScientificInstruments GraduateSchoolofDesignExhibitions HarvardArtMuseums HarvardForest HarvardMuseumofNaturalHistory TheHarvardMuseumoftheAncientNearEast HarvardMuseumsofScienceandCulture HarvardUniversityHerbaria MineralogicalandGeologicalMuseum MuseumofComparativeZoology ThePeabodyMuseumofArchaeologyandEthnology WarrenAnatomicalMuseum Athletics WorkatHarvard Events CommencementInFocus InFocus ExploreandunderstandtheworldwithHarvard InFocusisacuratedexaminationofHarvard'sresearch,scholarlywork,andcommunity.Recenttopicsinclude: ClimateSolutions InFocus ClimateSolutions FacultyandstudentsfromacrosstheHarvardcommunityareworkingonwaystoaddressclimatechangeanditseffects. Explorethesolutions What'sinside? Trackingmethanefromspace The"HarvardThinking"podcastexploresclimatechange Space InFocus Space Harvardresearchersareaskingthebigquestionsabouttheuniverse,buildingtoolstoanswerthem,andsharingtheirdiscoverieswiththeworld. Trelthestars What'sinside? Whatisasolareclipse? WhowerethewomenofHarvard'searlyastronomicalresearch? WelcometoHarvard InFocus WelcometoHarvard Whereworld-classprofessors,innovativeresearch,andadynamicstudentcommunitycometogethertoadvanceeducationandfosterchangeintheworld. Exploreourcampus Meetourcommunity HarvardLawSchoolstudentSophiaHuntwaselectedthe138thpresidentoftheHarvardLawReview HarvardSchoolofPublicHealthProfessorAyaGotosharesherexperiencespromotinghealthliteracyandleadingtheTakemiPrograminInternationalHealth. ExploretheInFocusarchivesVisit Visit VisitHarvard Ideasandassistanceforyourtriptoourcampus. Tours MapsandDirections TourProvidersAbout About AboutHarvard LearnhowHarvardisstructured,exploreourlonghistory,anddiscoverourextendedcommunity. HistoryofHarvard About HistoryofHarvard Harvardisperhapsbest-knownbecauseofitsenduringhistoryofinnovationineducation.Butevendie-hardHarvardbuffsarenotlikelytoknowalloftheseHarvardfirstsandhistoricalsnippets. Learnmore Historytimeline NobelLaureates HonoraryDegrees HarvardShields LeadershipandGovernance About LearnaboutourLeadership President OfficersandDeans HarvardCorporation BoardofOverseers UniversityProfessorships DiversityandInclusion Endowment HarvardintheCommunity HarvardintheWorldNews News TheHarvardGazette OfficialnewsfromHarvardUniversityaboutscience,medicine,art,campuslife,Universityissues,andbroadernationalandglobalconcerns. TrendingNewsStories News Readmorenews Harvardannouncesreturntorequiredtesting Leadingresearcherscitestrongevidencethattestingexpandsopportunity ForalltheotherWillieJacks ‘ReservationDogs’starPaulinaAlexisoffersbehind-the-scenesglimpseofhitshow,detailsvalueofNativerepresentation Yes,it’sexciting.Justdon’tlookatthesun. Lab,telescopespecialistdetailsHarvardeclipse-viewingparty,offerssafetytips SignupfortheDailyGazette NigationQuickLinks AtoZIndexFindaPersonEventsMediaRelationsAlumniGiveNowEmergency HarvardUniversity Close HarvardUniversity ClimateSolutions FacultyandstudentsfromacrosstheHarvardcommunityareworkingonwaystoaddressclimatechangeanditseffects. Exploreclimatechangewiththe8220;HarvardThinking8221;podcast Adiversityofdisciplines MeetHarvardCollegealumswithbigclimatevisions Litigationisonetoolthatweuse8230;tobringaboutclimatejusticeandtoheahealthierfuture.” KathrynSikkink,professorofhumanrightspolicyatHarvardKennedySchool Learnmoreaboutthecleanenergytransition AliyahCollins DivinitySchoolalumAliyahCollinslaunchedtheEco-HealingProjecttohelphistoricallyBlackcollegesanduniversities(HBCUs)planton-campusgardens. LearnmoreaboutAliyah8217;spassion LearnmoreaboutAliyah8217;spassion FernandoReimers Harvard University ProfessorFernandoReimersexplorestheintersectionofeducationandclimatechangeasdirectorofHarvard’sGlobalEducationInnovationInitiative. LearnmoreaboutFernando8217;swork LearnmoreaboutFernando8217;swork SamLim TheWyssInstitute8217;sSamLimisresearchinghowsomeorganismssurviveinextremeconditions,likedrought,andifthatabilitycanbetransferredtocrops. LearnmoreaboutSam8217;sresearch LearnmoreaboutSam8217;sresearch Greenreading ExplorebookrecommendationsfromHarvardLectureronGovernmentSparshaSaha’s ClimateChangeLiteraturecourse,expandyourviewoftheproblemwithHarvardProfessorSarahDimick8217;srecommendationsforengingwithclimateanxiety,orbetransportedwithclimatefictionrecommendedbyEnglishProfessorJamesEngell. Forshorterreads,signupforHarvard8217;sClimateOptimistNewsletter Improvingtoday TheHarvardcommunity,fromtheInnovationLabstotheSalataInstitute,isworkingonclimatesolutionsthatcanaddresstheissuesoftodayandtomorrow. Readwhyit8217;ssoimportanttofocusonclimatescienceoverdoomerism Trackingmethane MethaneSATrecentlytooktospacetodetectandreportonmethane,agreenhousegasthataccountsforaboutathirdofthecurrentwarmingoftheatmosphere.MethanehasashorterlifetimeintheatmospherethanCO2,soareductioninemissionswouldheaquickerimpactontheenvironment. ReadMore Windowsthatcoolthemselves A“skin”canregulateindoortemperaturesusingliquidchannels. ReadMore Greenerhospitals Canwemakehealthcareenvironmentallyfriendlywithoutcompromisingcare? ReadMore Informedpopulations Miamiisprovidingactionablestepsforhigh-risk,high-tempneighborhoods. ReadMore Resilientinfrastructure Newconstructionneedstoplanforflooding,wildfires,andextremeheat. ReadMore Plastic-eatingbacteria Microbesthateatplasticcouldhelpreduceglobalwaste. ReadMore Eco-friendlyairconditioning Aspeciallycoatedceramiccancoolairwithoutaddinghumidity. ReadMore Wanttoexploremoreclimatesolutions? Joinclimateexperts,leaders,andstakeholdersastheyexploreapproachestothemostcomplexandchallengingdimensionsoftheclimatecrisis. LearnmoreaboutHarvardClimateActionWeek Helpingtheworldadapt TheHarvardcommunitycanbefoundacrosstheglobeworkingonclimatesolutionslikeloweringemissionsfromBrazil’scattleindustry,creatingamoreasustainablefutureinSouthAsia,adaptingtoextremeclimateeventsinMexico,addressingcoastalerosion8217;sthreattostructuresinGhanaandexploringtheintersectionofclimatechangeandhealthinBangladesh. Explorecontentcreatorsaroundtheglobeadvocatingforclimatesolutions Empoweringtomorrow TheHarvardcommunityishelpingpreparetheleadersoftomorrowforthechallengesahead. Getinspiredbycareersinclimateaction Climatechangeineducation Climatechangeaffectslearnerseverywhere—fromwildfiresmokenegativelyimpactinghealthydevelopment,toheatharmingstudents’abilitytolearn,tofloodingforcingschoolstoclose.Educationalsystemsmustincreasinglygrapplewithhowtobestsupportlearners,schools,andcommunitiesinachangingclimate. ReadMore Teach Whatrolecaneducatorsplayinimprovingthelivesofchildrenlivingamidtheimpactsofawarmingplanet? ReadMore Adapt Harvardfacultyaredevelopingcurriculafortheintersectionofenvironmentalism,equity,andcivilrights. ReadMore Advocate Somephysiciansareprovidingkeyevidencetosupportayouth-ledlegalmovementforclimatejustice. ReadMore Unite AglobalarrayofhighschoolstudentsjoinedHarvard039;sYouthSummitonClimate,Equity,andHealth. ReadMore Lead AHarvardgatheringshowstheincreasinginterestincareersinclimateandsustainability. ReadMore Lookingtotheplants Harvardresearchersareexploringthehistoryandfutureoftheplantkingdom,includingwaystohelpplantssurviveonawarmingplanet,howwarmingmayaffectthecarbonthatplantscapture,howThoreau8217;swritingcanhelpusunderstandtheprofoundlossofnaturaldiversitythatclimatechangeiscausing,andhowdigitizingplantcollectionscanfosternewdiscoveries. Learnmoreabouthowplantsadapttoclimatechange Onourcampus Harvardiscontinuouslyfindingwaystoincreasesustainabilityanddecreasegreenhousegasesonourcampusandaroundtheworld. ExploreallthesustainableworkhappeningonHarvard8217;scampus Creatinganenvironmentallyfriendlycampus NewUSemissiontransparencyrequirementshelpinformHarvard8217;ssustainableinvestments. ReadmoreaboutHarvard8217;sClimateReport ReadmoreaboutHarvard8217;sClimateReport Walkingthroughtheworldofclimatechange TheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistory8217;s8220;ClimateChange:OurGlobalExperiment8221;exhibithelpsvisitorsseparatetruthfromspinandprovideabasisformakinginformeddecisionsaffectingthefutureofourplanet. Learnmoreabouttheclimateexhibit Learnmoreabouttheclimateexhibit Askingwhatwecandofortheworld HarvardKennedySchooldetailsthestridesthey8217;vemadetotransitiontowardcleanenergyandcreateacampusthat8217;scleaner,greener,andmoresustainable. Explorethesustainabilityreport Explorethesustainabilityreport Workingonaglobalproblemwithaglobalcommunity HarvardExtensionSchool8217;sMichaelMortimer,thenewdirectoroftheSustainabilityandGlobalDevelopmentPracticePrograms,isincorporatinginterdisciplinarycollaborationandglobalperspectivesintotheirsustainabilityprograms. LearnmoreaboutsustainabilityatHarvardExtensionSchool LearnmoreaboutsustainabilityatHarvardExtensionSchool Youmayalsolike RelatedInFocustopics EarthScience ClimateActions RisingtotheClimateChallenge Security&Brand ReportInfringementReportSecurityIssueTrademarkNotice Website AccessibilityDigitalAccessibilityPrivacyStatement GetInTouch ContactHarvardMaps038;DirectionsJobs ©2024 ThePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege Instram TikTok LinkedIn Facebook YouTube window.Promise|| document.write(''); varmodern_tribe_i18n={"help_text":{"msg_limit":"Thereisalimittothemessesyoucanpost.","secondary_n_toggle":"Explorethissection"},"tooltips":{"add_to_se":"AddPhototoSedItems","in_this_photo":"Productsinthisphoto"}};varmodern_tribe_config={"imes_url":":\/\/\/wp-content\/themes\/core\/assets\/img\/theme","template_url":":\/\/\/wp-content\/themes\/core\/","script_debug":"","hmr_dev":"","block_theme_service_worker":"","ppp":"12","home_url":":\/\/"};vargforms_recaptcha_recaptcha_strings={"site_key":"6Lc_nsgnAAAAAMHbceQB7cPmOz4t4_V5PIRhEbbW","ajaxurl":":\/\/\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f1a5fdf620"};